The Parisian club has now secured the prestigious trophy on 14 different times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown featuring the French league champions and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger found the scoring early on.
Yet, Marseille fired twice in the closing moments to take a surprise lead. Initially, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before the defender unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital leveler in the dying seconds to force the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for PSG to seal a 4-1 penalty win.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the last thirteen years.